Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance / Caracterização do estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum para resistência de ferrugem e Karnal bunt

Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative’s wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance

Abstract Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relatives wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

Resumo A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance / Caracterização do estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum para resistência de ferrugem e Karnal bunt

Abstract Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative's wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

Resumo A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Tolerance engineering regulates stress resistance of microbial cell factory / 生物工程学报

The production efficiency of microbial cell factory is determined by the growth performance, product synthetic capacity, and stress resistance of the strain. Strengthening the stress resistance is the key point to improve the production efficiency of microbial cell factory. Tolerance engineering is based on the response mechanism of microbial cell factory to resist stress. Specifically, it consolidates the cell wall-cell membrane barrier to enhance the defense against stress, accelerates the stress response to improve the damage repair, and creates tolerance evolutionary tools to screen industrial microorganisms with enhanced robustness. We summarize the regulation strategies and forecast the prospects of tolerance engineering, which plays an important role in the microbial cell factories for sustainable production of natural products and bulk chemicals.

Resistance Evaluation of Different Phenotypes of Farmland Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Germplasm Under High Light Stress / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the physiological response of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma with different phenotypes to high light stress under farmland cultivation mode， and to provide theoretical support for breeding of and fine management of new varieties of farmland ginseng. Method:Four-year-old ginseng plants with different stem colors were used as materials， and blue film was replaced by the colorless and translucent film for performing high light stress and investigating the change of growth status， light response curve， photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of ginseng leaves. Meanwhile， the physiological adaptability and cell ultrastructural differences of ginseng with different phenotypes for strong light were compared by analyzing the variation of leaf ultrastructural characteristics before and after the stress. Result:The color of ginseng leaves became weak and the content of chlorophyll was greatly decreased with burning phenomenon on the leaf margin under high light stress. The maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point of purple-stem ginseng were higher than those of green-stem ginseng. Transpiration rate， water use efficiency and other gas exchange parameters of purple-stem ginseng had adversity advantages， photosynthetic electron transport rate， maximum photochemical efficiency， photochemical quenching coefficient and other chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were higher than those of green-stem ginseng. There were changes in ultrastructure of the two germplasms， and the plasmolysis of green-stem ginseng was more obvious， its chloroplast membrane ruptured， the contents were exuded and the accumulation of starch grains and osmiophilic bodies increased. The chloroplast membrane structure of purple-stem germplasm was relatively stable， and its number of multivesicular bodies increased significantly by comparing with that of green-stem ginseng under high light. Conclusion:High light stress inhibits the leaf growth of farmland ginseng with different stem colors. The photosynthetic efficiency of green-stem ginseng is obviously reduced， and the integrity of chloroplast is damaged， leading to the weak physiological resistance. The purple-stem ginseng can reduce the damage of the photosynthetic system of plants under high light stress by its special cell structure and non-photochemical quenching advantages. Therefore， the purple-stem ginseng can be cultivated into a new resistant variety.

Effects and mechanisms of nitrogen application on stress resistance of Chinese materia medica / 中国中药杂志

Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the regulation of plant stress resistance. Impacts of nitrogen fertilizers on abiotic stress resistance and biotic stress resistance of Chinese materia medica(CMM) were summarized in this study. Adequate nitrogen application improves the abiotic stress resistance and weed resistance of CMM, however adverse effect appears when excess nitrogen is used. Generally, pest resistance decreases along with nitrogen deposition, while effects of nitrogen application on disease resistance vary with different diseases. Mechanisms underlying the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on plant stress resistance were also elucidated in this study from three aspects including physical defense mechanisms, biochemistry mechanisms and molecular defense mechanisms. Nitrogen availability modulates physical barrier of CMM like plant growth, formation of lignin and wax cuticle, and density of stomata. Growth of CMM promoted by nitrogen fertilizer may cause some decrease in pest resistance of CMM due to an increase in hiding places for pest along with plant growth. High ambient humidity caused by excessive plant growth facilitates the growth and development of CMM pathogen. Nitrogen application can also interfere with the accumulation of lignin in CMM which makes CMM more vulnerable to pest and pathogen attack. Stomatal closing delays due to nitrogen application is also a causal factor of increasing pathogen infection after nitrogen deposition. Biochemical defenses of plants are mainly achieved through nutrient elements, secondary metabolites, defense-related enzymes and proteins. Nutritional level of CMM and various antioxidant enzymes and resistance-related protein activities are elevated along with nitrogen deposition. These antioxidant enzymes can reduce the damage of reactive oxygen species content produced by plant in response to adversity and therefore enhance stress resistance of CMM. Researches showed that nitrogen application could also cause an increase in nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content and a decrease in non-nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content respectively. Nitrogen-mediated molecular defense mechanisms includes multiple plant hormones and nitric oxide signals. Plant hormones related to plant defense like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid can be modulated by nitrogen application. Negative effect of nitrogen deposition was found on salicylic acid accumulation and the expression of related plant disease resistance genes. However, jasmonic acid level can be elevated by nitrogen. Nitric oxide signals constitute an important part of nitrogen mediated defense mechanisms. Nitric oxide signaling is related to many aspects of plant immunity. The roles of nitrogen fertilizers in CMM stress resistance are complex and may vary with different CMM varieties and environments. Further studies are urgently needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to improve stress resistance of CMM by using fertilizers.

Choline-betaine pathway contributes to hyperosmotic stress and subsequent lethal stress resistance in Pseudomonas protegens SN15-2

Pseudomonas protegens SN15-2, a typical non-spore-forming rhizosphere bacterium, has excellent biocontrolcapabilities; thus, it is necessary to explore the stress resistance of SN15-2. The choline–glycine betainepathway is considered as an important mechanism by which bacteria adapt to stressful environments. In thiswork, we demonstrated that the expression of the betA and betB genes, which are involved in the choline–glycine betaine pathway in SN15-2, was highly increased by 12-fold and 26-fold, respectively, by hyperosmotic stress and choline treatment. The accumulation of betaine in SN15-2 (5.54 g/L) was significantly higherthan that in the mutants D betA (3.44 g/L) and D betB (2.68 g/L) under hyperosmotic stress and cholinetreatment. Moreover, choline enhanced the growth of SN15-2 greatly, but it did not enhance the growth of DbetB under hyperosmotic stress. Choline combined with hyperosmotic adaptation significantly increased thelethal stress resistance of SN15-2 while the resistance of D betA and D betB was significantly decreased. Thisresearch illuminated a strategy underlying the adaptation to osmotic stress in P. protegens and provided aneffective method to improve the stress resistance of this species, thus provided a theoretical basis for thepractical application of P. protegens SN15-2.

Influence and mechanism of stress combination on medicinal plants secondary metabolism / 中国中药杂志

Numerous studies showed that the growth of medicinal plants in their native areas was simultaneously affected by abiotic stress combinations. Compared with single stress, plants have unique responses to a combination of different abiotic stresses and cannot be inferred directly from plants' responses to each individual stress. The effect of combined stresses on plants usually has three types of synergistic antagonism or independence. The secondary metabolism in the process of medicinal plant stress combination response also played a vital role, and environmental stresses can spur the accumulation of secondary metabolites, but under the stress combination, plants induce specific gene expression of key enzymes on secondary metabolic pathways, in turn, the accumulation of secondary metabolites against stress is formed. When plants are subjected to stress combination, the interaction of multiple signaling pathways makes it highly complex for plants to respond to stress combination. This paper summarized the effects of stress combination on physiological and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants, and discussed the related physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. It provides theoretical basis for improving the adaptability of medicinal plants to adversity, improving the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and further optimizing the cultivation of medicinal plants.

Effect and Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Herbs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） can establish mycorrhizal symbiosis system with most terrestrial plants，and play important roles in their growth and development. However，there is no systematic analysis and summarization of their roles in the growth, biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances of herbs，as well as stress-resistance mechanism. First，the main research methods of AMF were summarized in the paper，including the separation of AMF spores，morphological identification，chemical staining and molecular identification. The main morphological structures of some AMF were detailed in the table. In terms of growth promotion，AMF promoted the growth by prolonging mycelium，enhancing phosphatase secretion，organic acid，activation of soil and increasing absorption efficiency. In the aspect of biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids，terpenoids and other active substances in herbs，AMF improved the contents by regulating activities of signal substances and key enzymes involved in the metabolism of secondary products. In addition，AMF could alleviate a series of stresses caused by drought，heavy metal，high salt，high or low temperature by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes，enhancing the ability of plants to scavenge free radicals，complexing toxic heavy metals，diluting high salt concentration，or inducing the expressions of key genes. Finally，the application prospects and in-depth study of AMF in the ecological planting of herbs were discussed, in order to provide reference for promoting relevant research.

Improving crops genome through genetic engineering of the key metabolic pathways

Soybean loss due to pests and pathogens is a serious problem worldwide. Soybean producers have few options to manage diseases caused by general pathogens where major genes for full resistance have not been discovered. The innate defense of soybean plants could be enhanced by improving content and composition of lignin by genetic engineering of the phenylpropanoid pathway.We used a novel technique of germ-line genetic transformation of soybean plants via natural pollen tubes as vectors. This technique uses Agrobacterium tumefaciensto mediate transfer of genes of interest to the zygote to introduce the key lignification genes (PtMYB4, PAL5, F5H, CAD1) into soybean genome. We observed 5.6% average transformation efficiency in the first generation of transgenic plants and in the second generation the presence of the transgene constructs was confirmed in more than 50% (for CsVMV/PtMYB4sens, 35SVTM/PAL5, C4H/F5H, CsVMV/CAD1constructs) transgenic soybean lines. We confirmed the expression of the introduced genes at transcriptional level using RT-PCR and Northern blot. Functional analysis using lignin content determination and the activity of PAL5 and CAD1 enzymes demonstrated that the transgenes perform their function in planta. The proposed technique is effectiveand inexpensive and can be used to create novel stress and disease resistant soybean genotypes.

Development of a drought stress-resistant rice restorer line through Oryza sativa–rufipogon hybridization

Restorer line F6 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) has been widely used in hybrid rice breeding systems in southern China. However, line F6 is susceptible to drought stress, which restricts its utilization in many areas. Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) has strong drought stress resistance, but the molecular factors responsible for drought resistance in DXWR remain unknown. In this study, we used the combination of phenotypic selection and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve the drought stress resistance of line F6 by introgression of qSDT12-2, a large effect drought stress-related quantitative trait locus identified in DXWR. Molecular MAS was carried out using linked marker RM1226, which is associated with qSDT12-2. Genomic background assessmentwas performed using 112 polymorphic markers. Finally, a stable drought stress-resistant backcross inbred line (BIL) was developed from a BC5F5 population, termed BIL627. Genetic constitution analysis revealed that the genome of BIL627 is almost identical (99.1%) to that of the restorer line F6. Further, BIL627 showed no yield penalty and no decrease in restorationability under normal conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal the intrinsic value of using genetic resources present in wild species of Oryza to improve undesirable traits found in cultivated rice.

Correlation between stress resistance, social support and daily activities and depression in hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between stress resistance, social support and daily activities and depression in hemodialysis patients, and the relief of discomfort.@*Methords@#In this descriptive correlation study, 196 elderly patients with hemodialysis were enrolled in the Department of Hemodialysis, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan Province. The population variables of each patient were recorded, and the discomfort symptom scores were used. The Activities of Daily Living Index (ADL) and the Instrumental Assisted Activity Index (IADL), the Stress Resistance Scale, the Social Support Behavior Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) were evaluated for each hospitalized patient. The population variables were stratified, and there was a statistical difference in the comparison of the depression scale scores within the group. The one-dimensional linear correlation model evaluates the two-dimensional linear correlation of the above variables. Variables with statistically significant correlations with depression scores were added to the stratified regression analysis.@*Results@#Males, who lived with their families, had strong independence, and those with high post-retirement income had lower depression scores (t=2.17, 2.28, F=3.29, 4.25, P<0.05). The linear correlation model showed that the physical discomfort score was positively correlated with dialysis time (r=0.186, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with ADL, stress resistance, social support, and depression score (r=-0.421--0.164, P < 0.05). The ADL index was positively correlated with IADL index, stress resistance, and social support (r=0.654, 0.549, 0.186, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with physical discomfort and depression score (r=-0.164, -0.491, P<0.05). The IADL index was positively correlated with ADL, stress resistance, and social support (r=0.654, 0.577, 0.176, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with depression score (r=-0.742, P<0.05). Stress resistance was positively correlated with ADL, IADL, and social support (r=0.549, 0.557, 0.416, P<0.01or 0.05), and negatively correlated with physical discomfort and depression score (r=-0.261, 0.742, P<0.05). Social support was positively correlated with ADL, IADL, and stress resistance (r=0.186, 0.176, 0.416, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with depression score and physical discomfort score (r=-0.507, -0.178, P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that stress resistance can alleviate the effects of physical discomfort (b=-0.432, P<0.05) on depression, and social support did not play this mitigation.@*Conclusion@#The severity of physical discomfort and activities of daily living is a determinant of depression, and high stress resistance can alleviate depression in elderly hemodialysis patients.

Study on the influencing factors of perinatal depression and its alleviating effect / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#The influencing factors of perinatal depression and the study of social support and anti-stress ability.@*Methods@#A total of 712 women were enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Rizhao City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. From the second trimester (after 12 weeks of pregnancy)-pregnant women within 1 month after delivery, each pregnancy was recorded. The maternal population was scored at the first visit, and the depression score was scored at each visit. Stress resistance scores and social support scores, stratified binary Logistic regression analysis of variables, stress resistance, social support on depression and mitigation effects.@*Results@#Of the 712 maternal women, 615 were included in the standard. The enrollment rate was 86.3% (615/712). The average score of 615 maternal uncomfortable symptoms was 2.2±0.8, and the average score of the compressive capacity scale was 115.3 ±32.1, the average score of the social support scale was: 48.2 ± 9.4. The degree of education, monthly income, and physical discomfort scores significantly affected the perinatal depression score (b=-0.023, -0.013, 0.625, P<0.05). Self-compression ability can alleviate the impact of physical discomfort on perinatal depression, and social support can not be significantly relieved.@*Conclusions@#Education level and monthly income level are independent factors of perinatal depression, self-resistance can relieve depression.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel DoRLK gene from Dendrobium officinale / 中草药

Objective: To identifiy a receptor-like kinase (RLK) encoding gene named as DoRLK (GenBank accession No. ANC68272.1) from Dendrobium officinale. Methods: RT-PCR and RACE technologies were used to isolate the full length cDNA of DoRLK. Characteristics of physiochemical properties, conserved domains, and subcellular localization of the deduced DoRLK protein were determined by a series of bioinformatics tools. The analyses of multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree were performed using DNASTAR 6.0 and MEGA 7.0 softwares, respectively. Quantitative PCR was used for gene expression analysis. Results: The results showed that the full length cDNA of DoRLK was 1 715 bp in length and encoded a 423 aa protein with a molecular weight of 47 800.88 and an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.47. The deduced DoRLK protein, like other RLK proteins, constituted one conserved domains (85—370) and one transmembrane motifs (250—270). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that DoRLK had high identity (43.62%—63.35%) to a number of RLK genes from various plants and was closely related to Phalaenopsis equestris, Phoenix dactylifera and Asparagus officinalis. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that DoRLK was expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were the most abundant in the roots with 2.22 fold over that in the leaves,followed by that in the stems with 2.75 fold. Conclusion: Molecular characterization of DoRLK will be useful for further functional elucidation of the gene involving in D. officinale responses to environmental factors.

Study on the influencing factors of perinatal depression and its alleviating effect / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective The influencing factors of perinatal depression and the study of social support and anti-stress ability. Methods A total of 712 women were enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Rizhao City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. From the second trimester (after 12 weeks of pregnancy)- pregnant women within 1 month after delivery, each pregnancy was recorded. The maternal population was scored at the first visit, and the depression score was scored at each visit. Stress resistance scores and social support scores, stratified binary Logistic regression analysis of variables, stress resistance, social support on depression and mitigation effects. Results Of the 712 maternal women, 615 were included in the standard. The enrollment rate was 86.3% (615/712). The average score of 615 maternal uncomfortable symptoms was 2.2±0.8, and the average score of the compressive capacity scale was 115.3 ±32.1, the average score of the social support scale was: 48.2 ± 9.4. The degree of education, monthly income, and physical discomfort scores significantly affected the perinatal depression score (b=-0.023,-0.013, 0.625, P<0.05). Self-compression ability can alleviate the impact of physical discomfort on perinatal depression, and social support can not be significantly relieved. Conclusions Education level and monthly income level are independent factors of perinatal depression, self-resistance can relieve depression.

Correlation between stress resistance, social support and daily activities and depression in hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the relationship between stress resistance, social support and daily activities and depression in hemodialysis patients, and the relief of discomfort. Methords In this descriptive correlation study, 196 elderly patients with hemodialysis were enrolled in the Department of Hemodialysis, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan Province. The population variables of each patient were recorded, and the discomfort symptom scores were used. The Activities of Daily Living Index (ADL) and the Instrumental Assisted Activity Index (IADL), the Stress Resistance Scale, the Social Support Behavior Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) were evaluated for each hospitalized patient. The population variables were stratified, and there was a statistical difference in the comparison of the depression scale scores within the group. The one-dimensional linear correlation model evaluates the two-dimensional linear correlation of the above variables. Variables with statistically significant correlations with depression scores were added to the stratified regression analysis. Results Males, who lived with their families, had strong independence, and those with high post-retirement income had lower depression scores (t=2.17, 2.28, F=3.29, 4.25, P<0.05). The linear correlation model showed that the physical discomfort score was positively correlated with dialysis time (r=0.186, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with ADL, stress resistance, social support, and depression score (r=-0.421--0.164, P<0.05). The ADL index was positively correlated with IADL index, stress resistance, and social support (r=0.654, 0.549, 0.186, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with physical discomfort and depression score (r=-0.164,-0.491, P<0.05). The IADL index was positively correlated with ADL, stress resistance, and social support (r=0.654, 0.577, 0.176, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with depression score (r=-0.742, P<0.05). Stress resistance was positively correlated with ADL, IADL, and social support (r=0.549, 0.557, 0.416, P<0.01or 0.05), and negatively correlated with physical discomfort and depression score (r=-0.261, 0.742, P<0.05). Social support was positively correlated with ADL, IADL, and stress resistance (r=0.186, 0.176, 0.416, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with depression score and physical discomfort score (r=-0.507,-0.178, P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that stress resistance can alleviate the effects of physical discomfort (b=-0.432, P<0.05) on depression, and social support did not play this mitigation. Conclusion The severity of physical discomfort and activities of daily living is a determinant of depression, and high stress resistance can alleviate depression in elderly hemodialysis patients.

Inactivation of MarR gene homologs increases susceptibility to antimicrobials in Bacteroides fragilis

ABSTRACT Bacteroides fragilis is the strict anaerobic bacteria most commonly found in human infections, and has a high mortality rate. Among other virulence factors, the remarkable ability to acquire resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents and to tolerate nanomolar concentrations of oxygen explains in part their success in causing infection and colonizing the mucosa. Much attention has been given to genes related to multiple drug resistance derived from plasmids, integrons or transposon, but such genes are also detected in chromosomal systems, like the mar (multiple antibiotic resistance) locus, that confer resistance to a range of drugs. Regulators like MarR, that control expression of the locus mar, also regulate resistance to organic solvents, disinfectants and oxygen reactive species are important players in these events. Strains derived from the parental strain 638R, with mutations in the genes hereby known as marRI (BF638R_3159) and marRII (BF638R_3706) were constructed by gene disruption using a suicide plasmid. Phenotypic response of the mutant strains to hydrogen peroxide, cell survival assay against exposure to oxygen, biofilm formation, resistance to bile salts and resistance to antibiotics was evaluated. The results showed that the mutant strains exhibit statistically significant differences in their response to oxygen stress, but no changes were observed in survival when exposed to bile salts. Biofilm formation was not affected by either gene disruption. Both mutant strains however, became more sensitive to multiple antimicrobial drugs tested. This indicates that as observed in other bacterial species, MarR are an important resistance mechanism in B. fragilis.

Constituent and effects of polysaccharides isolated from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds on lifespan, reproduction, stress resistance, and antimicrobial capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans / 中国天然药物

Sophora moorcroftiana (S. moorcroftiana) is an endemic leguminous dwarf shrub in Tibet, China. Decoctions of the seeds have been used in Chinese folk medicine for dephlogistication, detoxication, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the constituent and biological effects of polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds (SMpol) were extracted with 60% ethanol and constituent was analyzed by GC-MS. SMpol was composed of glucose, galactose and inositol in the molar ratio of 35.7 : 1.3 : 17.0. Synchronized worms were treated with SMpol and then lifespan, motility, reproduction, stress resistance and antimicrobial activity were examined. Compared with the control group, the lifespan was increased to the average of 27.3 days and the number of laying eggs showed a 1.3-fold increase in nematodes treated with SMpol (4 mg·mL). In SMpol (4 mg·mL) treated worms, there was a 1.1-fold increase in 24-h survival of acute heat stress and a 1.6-fold increase in 2-h survival of oxidative stress The colonization of the bacteria in the SMpol treated nematode was significantly lower than that of the untreated group by 68.3%. In vivo studies showed SMpol significantly extended the life span, improved reproduction, increased stress resistance and antimicrobial capacity of C. elegans. In conclusion, those results indicated that the polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds were involved in a variety of biological activities leading to its modulatory effects on C. elegans which may be developed as a natural supplement agent.

Constituent and effects of polysaccharides isolated from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds on lifespan, reproduction, stress resistance, and antimicrobial capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans / 中国天然药物

Sophora moorcroftiana (S. moorcroftiana) is an endemic leguminous dwarf shrub in Tibet, China. Decoctions of the seeds have been used in Chinese folk medicine for dephlogistication, detoxication, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the constituent and biological effects of polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds (SMpol) were extracted with 60% ethanol and constituent was analyzed by GC-MS. SMpol was composed of glucose, galactose and inositol in the molar ratio of 35.7 : 1.3 : 17.0. Synchronized worms were treated with SMpol and then lifespan, motility, reproduction, stress resistance and antimicrobial activity were examined. Compared with the control group, the lifespan was increased to the average of 27.3 days and the number of laying eggs showed a 1.3-fold increase in nematodes treated with SMpol (4 mg·mL). In SMpol (4 mg·mL) treated worms, there was a 1.1-fold increase in 24-h survival of acute heat stress and a 1.6-fold increase in 2-h survival of oxidative stress The colonization of the bacteria in the SMpol treated nematode was significantly lower than that of the untreated group by 68.3%. In vivo studies showed SMpol significantly extended the life span, improved reproduction, increased stress resistance and antimicrobial capacity of C. elegans. In conclusion, those results indicated that the polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds were involved in a variety of biological activities leading to its modulatory effects on C. elegans which may be developed as a natural supplement agent.

Mechanism of antagonistic effects of Andrographis paniculata methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To investigate the effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees (A. paniculata) on expressions and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and alkylhydroperoxide reductase C in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with respect to its survival in vitro. Methods Antioxidative property of methanolic leaves extract of A. paniculata (0.06 mg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by its ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide (H